Nonlinear Calcium King Plot Constrains New Bosons and Nuclear Properties

authored by: Alexander Wilzewski, Lukas J. Spieß, Malte Wehrheim, Shuying Chen, Steven A. King, Peter Micke, Melina Filzinger, Martin R. Steinel, Nils Huntemann, Erik Benkler, Piet O. Schmidt, Luca I. Huber, Jeremy Flannery, Roland Matt, Martin Stadler, Robin Oswald, Fabian Schmid, Daniel Kienzler, Jonathan Home, Diana P.L.Aude Craik, Menno Door, Sergey Eliseev, Pavel Filianin, Jost Herkenhoff, Kathrin Kromer, Klaus Blaum, Vladimir A. Yerokhin, Igor A. Valuev, Natalia S. Oreshkina, Chunhai Lyu, Sreya Banerjee, Christoph H. Keitel, Zoltán Harman, Julian C. Berengut, Anna Viatkina, Jan Gilles, Andrey Surzhykov, Michael K. Rosner, José R. Crespo López-Urrutia, Jan Richter, Agnese Mariotti, Elina Fuchs
Abstract: Nonlinearities in King plots (KP) of isotope shifts (IS) can reveal the existence of beyond-standard-model (BSM) interactions that couple electrons and neutrons. However, it is crucial to distinguish higher-order standard model (SM) effects from BSM physics. We measure the IS of the transitions P30→P31 in Ca14+ and S21/2→D5/22 in Ca+ with sub-Hz precision as well as the nuclear mass ratios with relative uncertainties below 4×10-11 for the five stable, even isotopes of calcium (Ca40,42,44,46,48). Combined, these measurements yield a calcium KP nonlinearity with a significance of ∼103σ. Precision calculations show that the nonlinearity cannot be fully accounted for by the expected largest higher-order SM effect, the second-order mass shift, and identify the little-studied nuclear polarization as the only remaining SM contribution that may be large enough to explain it. Despite the observed nonlinearity, we improve existing KP-based constraints on a hypothetical Yukawa interaction for most of the new boson masses between 10 eV/c2 and 107 eV/c2.
Organisation(s): Institute of Quantum Optics
Institute of Theoretical Physics
External Organisation(s): Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt PTB
Oxford Ionics Ltd.
ETH Zurich
Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Technische Universität Braunschweig
Type: Article
Journal: Physical review letters
Volume: 134
ISSN: 0031-9007
Publication date: 10.06.2025
Publication status: Published
Peer reviewed: Yes
ASJC Scopus subject areas: General Physics and Astronomy
Electronic version(s): https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.233002 (Access: Open)

BibTeX

@article{94c71d35ded448f8be733d3147f3078a,
title = "Nonlinear Calcium King Plot Constrains New Bosons and Nuclear Properties",
abstract = "Nonlinearities in King plots (KP) of isotope shifts (IS) can reveal the existence of beyond-standard-model (BSM) interactions that couple electrons and neutrons. However, it is crucial to distinguish higher-order standard model (SM) effects from BSM physics. We measure the IS of the transitions P30→P31 in Ca14+ and S21/2→D5/22 in Ca+ with sub-Hz precision as well as the nuclear mass ratios with relative uncertainties below 4×10-11 for the five stable, even isotopes of calcium (Ca40,42,44,46,48). Combined, these measurements yield a calcium KP nonlinearity with a significance of ∼103σ. Precision calculations show that the nonlinearity cannot be fully accounted for by the expected largest higher-order SM effect, the second-order mass shift, and identify the little-studied nuclear polarization as the only remaining SM contribution that may be large enough to explain it. Despite the observed nonlinearity, we improve existing KP-based constraints on a hypothetical Yukawa interaction for most of the new boson masses between 10 eV/c2 and 107 eV/c2.",
author = "Alexander Wilzewski and Spie{\ss}, {Lukas J.} and Malte Wehrheim and Shuying Chen and King, {Steven A.} and Peter Micke and Melina Filzinger and Steinel, {Martin R.} and Nils Huntemann and Erik Benkler and Schmidt, {Piet O.} and Huber, {Luca I.} and Jeremy Flannery and Roland Matt and Martin Stadler and Robin Oswald and Fabian Schmid and Daniel Kienzler and Jonathan Home and Craik, {Diana P.L.Aude} and Menno Door and Sergey Eliseev and Pavel Filianin and Jost Herkenhoff and Kathrin Kromer and Klaus Blaum and Yerokhin, {Vladimir A.} and Valuev, {Igor A.} and Oreshkina, {Natalia S.} and Chunhai Lyu and Sreya Banerjee and Keitel, {Christoph H.} and Zolt{\'a}n Harman and Berengut, {Julian C.} and Anna Viatkina and Jan Gilles and Andrey Surzhykov and Rosner, {Michael K.} and {Crespo L{\'o}pez-Urrutia}, {Jos{\'e} R.} and Jan Richter and Agnese Mariotti and Elina Fuchs",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the {"}https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/{"}Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.",
year = "2025",
month = jun,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.233002",
language = "English",
volume = "134",
journal = "Physical review letters",
issn = "0031-9007",
publisher = "American Physical Society",
number = "23",
}