Radiopacity Enhancements in Polymeric Implant Biomaterials

A Comprehensive Literature Review

verfasst von: Crystal Kayaro Emonde, Max Enno Eggers, Marcel Wichmann, Christof Hurschler, Max Ettinger, Berend Denkena
Abstract: Polymers as biomaterials possess favorable properties, which include corrosion resistance, light weight, biocompatibility, ease of processing, low cost, and an ability to be easily tailored to meet specific applications. However, their inherent low X-ray attenuation, resulting from the low atomic numbers of their constituent elements, i.e., hydrogen (1), carbon (6), nitrogen (7), and oxygen (8), makes them difficult to visualize radiographically. Imparting radiopacity to radiolucent polymeric implants is necessary to enable noninvasive evaluation of implantable medical devices using conventional imaging methods. Numerous studies have undertaken this by blending various polymers with contrast agents consisting of heavy elements. The selection of an appropriate contrast agent is important, primarily to ensure that it does not cause detrimental effects to the relevant mechanical and physical properties of the polymer depending upon the intended application. Furthermore, its biocompatibility with adjacent tissues and its excretion from the body require thorough evaluation. We aimed to summarize the current knowledge on contrast agents incorporated into synthetic polymers in the context of implantable medical devices. While a single review was found that discussed radiopacity in polymeric biomaterials, the publication is outdated and does not address contemporary polymers employed in implant applications. Our review provides an up-to-date overview of contrast agents incorporated into synthetic medical polymers, encompassing both temporary and permanent implants. We expect that our results will significantly inform and guide the strategic selection of contrast agents, considering the specific requirements of implantable polymeric medical devices.
Organisationseinheit(en): Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Werkzeugmaschinen
Externe Organisation(en): Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)
Typ: Übersichtsarbeit
Journal: ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering
Band: 10
Seiten: 1323-1334
Anzahl der Seiten: 12
ISSN: 2373-9878
Publikationsdatum: 11.03.2024
Publikationsstatus: Veröffentlicht
Peer-reviewed: Ja
ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete: Biomaterialien, Biomedizintechnik
Elektronische Version(en): https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01667 (Zugang: Offen)

BibTeX

@article{18ef33355b354059a5e0f7752e124096,
title = "Radiopacity Enhancements in Polymeric Implant Biomaterials: A Comprehensive Literature Review",
abstract = "Polymers as biomaterials possess favorable properties, which include corrosion resistance, light weight, biocompatibility, ease of processing, low cost, and an ability to be easily tailored to meet specific applications. However, their inherent low X-ray attenuation, resulting from the low atomic numbers of their constituent elements, i.e., hydrogen (1), carbon (6), nitrogen (7), and oxygen (8), makes them difficult to visualize radiographically. Imparting radiopacity to radiolucent polymeric implants is necessary to enable noninvasive evaluation of implantable medical devices using conventional imaging methods. Numerous studies have undertaken this by blending various polymers with contrast agents consisting of heavy elements. The selection of an appropriate contrast agent is important, primarily to ensure that it does not cause detrimental effects to the relevant mechanical and physical properties of the polymer depending upon the intended application. Furthermore, its biocompatibility with adjacent tissues and its excretion from the body require thorough evaluation. We aimed to summarize the current knowledge on contrast agents incorporated into synthetic polymers in the context of implantable medical devices. While a single review was found that discussed radiopacity in polymeric biomaterials, the publication is outdated and does not address contemporary polymers employed in implant applications. Our review provides an up-to-date overview of contrast agents incorporated into synthetic medical polymers, encompassing both temporary and permanent implants. We expect that our results will significantly inform and guide the strategic selection of contrast agents, considering the specific requirements of implantable polymeric medical devices.",
keywords = "biocompatibility, contrast agent, implant, polymers, radiolucent, radiopacity",
author = "Emonde, {Crystal Kayaro} and Eggers, {Max Enno} and Marcel Wichmann and Christof Hurschler and Max Ettinger and Berend Denkena",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – SFB/TRR-298-SIIRI – Project-ID 426335750. ",
year = "2024",
month = mar,
day = "11",
doi = "10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01667",
language = "English",
volume = "10",
pages = "1323--1334",
journal = "ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering",
issn = "2373-9878",
publisher = "American Chemical Society",
number = "3",
}